Climate, Weather & Natural Disasters

Question 1

The instrument used to measure earthquakes is:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Seismograph — Seismograph (seismometer) measures earthquake waves. ‌​‍Richter Scale measures earthquake magnitude.

Answer

Barometer

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Hydrometer

Question 2

The eye of a cyclone is:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

A calm, clear area at the centre — The eye is a calm, mostly clear area at the centre of a cyclone, surrounded by the destructive eyewall.‌​‍

Answer

The most destructive part

Answer

The outer edge

Answer

The base

Question 3

Tsunami is caused by:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Underwater earthquakes — Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides displacing large amounts of water.‌​‍

Answer

Strong winds

Answer

Heavy rainfall

Answer

Volcanic ash

Question 4

Richter Scale measures:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Earthquake magnitude — Richter Scale (now Moment Magnitude Scale) measures earthquake magnitude logarithmically.‌​‍

Answer

Wind speed

Answer

Rainfall

Answer

Temperature

Question 5

El Niño is:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Warming of Pacific Ocean waters — El Niño = abnormal warming of equatorial Pacific Ocean waters, affecting global weather patterns.‌​‍

Answer

A hurricane

Answer

A cold current

Answer

A monsoon

Question 6

The Beaufort Scale measures:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Wind speed — Beaufort Scale measures wind speed/force from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane force).‌​‍

Answer

Earthquake intensity

Answer

Rainfall

Answer

Temperature

Question 7

Monsoon winds reverse because of:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Differential heating of land and sea — Monsoons reverse seasonally due to differential heating — land heats/cools faster than sea.‌​‍

Answer

Moon's gravity

Answer

Earth's magnetic field

Answer

Rotation of Earth only

Question 8

The driest continent is:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Antarctica — Antarctica is the driest continent (a polar desert with very low precipitation).‌​‍

Answer

Africa

Answer

Asia

Answer

Australia

Question 9

A tornado is characterised by:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Funnel-shaped rotating wind — A tornado is a violently rotating column of air (funnel) extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.‌​‍

Answer

Wide area of rain

Answer

Gentle breeze

Answer

Snowfall

Question 10

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was triggered by an earthquake off:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Indonesia (Sumatra) — The 26 December 2004 tsunami was triggered by a massive undersea earthquake off Sumatra, Indonesia (magnitude 9.1).‌​‍

Answer

Japan

Answer

Philippines

Answer

India

Question 11

Global warming is mainly caused by:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Increased greenhouse gas emissions — Increased CO₂, methane, and other greenhouse gas emissions (from fossil fuels, industry) cause global warming.‌​‍

Answer

Deforestation only

Answer

Volcanic eruptions only

Answer

Solar flares

Question 12

The greenhouse effect is:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Natural and necessary for life, but enhanced by human activity — Natural greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm enough for life. ‌​‍Human activities enhance it, causing dangerous warming.

Answer

Bad for all life

Answer

Only caused by humans

Answer

Happening on Mars only

Question 13

Acid rain is caused by:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

SO₂ and NO₂ — SO₂ and NO₂ from industrial emissions react with water to form sulphuric and nitric acids → acid rain (pH below 5.6).‌​‍

Answer

CO₂ only

Answer

Ozone

Answer

Methane

Question 14

The coldest place on Earth is:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

South Pole (Antarctica) — Antarctica (Vostok Station) recorded the coldest temperature: -89.2°C (1983).‌​‍

Answer

North Pole

Answer

Siberia

Answer

Greenland

Question 15

Fog is:‌​‍

Accepted Answer

Cloud at ground level — Fog is essentially a cloud at ground level — water droplets suspended in air near the surface.‌​‍

Answer

Rain at ground level

Answer

Smoke

Answer

Dust

Climate, Weather & Natural Disasters