Q1. Which amendment to the Indian Constitution added Fundamental Duties of citizens?

Answer: C) 42nd Amendment

The 42nd Amendment (1976) added Part IVA containing Fundamental Duties (Article 51A). Originally 10 duties; the 86th Amendment (2002) added the 11th duty.

Q2. The concept of 'Republic' in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from:

Answer: C) French Constitution

The concept of Republic, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in the Preamble was borrowed from the French Constitution (French Revolution ideals).

Q3. Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the abolition of untouchability?

Answer: A) Article 17

Article 17 abolishes untouchability and makes its practice an offence punishable by law. Article 18 abolishes titles.

Q4. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution deals with:

Answer: B) Equality before Law

Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws to all persons within India (citizens and foreigners both).

Q5. The part of the Constitution reflecting the ideals and philosophy of the framers is:

Answer: C) Preamble

The Preamble reflects the ideals, objectives, and philosophy of the Constitution. It was based on the Objectives Resolution moved by Nehru on 13 December 1946.

Q6. Which ancient port in Kerala was renowned for trade with Roman and Greek civilizations?

Answer: C) Muziris

Muziris (near modern-day Kodungallur/Cranganore) was a famous ancient port on the Malabar Coast, mentioned in Roman and Greek texts as a major spice trading centre.

Q7. The Battle of Colachel (1741) was fought between:

Answer: B) Travancore and Dutch

In the Battle of Colachel (1741), Travancore under Marthanda Varma decisively defeated the Dutch, ending Dutch colonial power in Kerala. It was one of the earliest Asian victories over a European power.

Q8. Who founded the Sahodara Sangham?

Answer: A) K. Ayyappan

K. Ayyappan founded the Sahodara Sangham (Brotherhood Association) at Cherai. He was a disciple of Sree Narayana Guru and promoted the idea of inter-caste dining.

Q9. The 'Wagon Tragedy' of Malabar Rebellion (1921) is also known as:

Answer: D) Black Hole of Podannur

During the Malabar Rebellion (1921), prisoners were packed into a closed goods wagon at Tirur. By the time the train reached Podannur (Coimbatore), many had suffocated to death. It is called the 'Black Hole of Podannur'.

Q10. Where did Sree Narayana Guru install a mirror (lamp) as an idol?

Answer: B) Karamukku

Sree Narayana Guru installed a mirror/lamp at Karamukku temple, symbolising that God is the light of knowledge within every person. At Aruvippuram (1888), he installed a Shiva Linga.

Q11. The father of the political movement in modern Travancore is:

Answer: B) G. Parameswaran Pillai

G. Parameswaran Pillai is considered the father of the political movement in modern Travancore. He played a key role in early civil rights and political awareness.

Q12. The naval commander from Kerala who led resistance against the Portuguese in the 16th century was:

Answer: D) Kunjali Marakkar

The Kunjali Marakkars were a dynasty of naval chiefs of the Zamorin of Calicut who fought against Portuguese colonial expansion in the 16th century. They are considered among the first naval defenders of India.

Q13. Which social reformer was imprisoned by Swathi Thirunal, the ruler of Travancore?

Answer: B) Vaikunta Swamikal

Vaikunta Swamikal (Mudisoodum Perumal) was imprisoned by Swathi Thirunal for his teachings of social equality and anti-caste activism in southern Travancore.

Q14. Chattampi Swamikal attained Samadhi at:

Answer: B) Panmana

Chattampi Swamikal attained Samadhi at Panmana in Kollam district on 5 May 1924. Sivagiri is associated with Sree Narayana Guru.

Q15. The Narmada River flows into which body of water?

Answer: B) Arabian Sea

Narmada is one of the only two major peninsular rivers (along with Tapi) that flows westward into the Arabian Sea. Most peninsular rivers flow eastward.

Q16. The chemical formula of common salt is:

Answer: C) NaCl

Common salt (table salt) is Sodium Chloride (NaCl). NaHCO₃ is baking soda, Na₂CO₃ is washing soda.

Q17. Which organ in the human body produces insulin?

Answer: C) Pancreas

The Pancreas produces insulin through its beta cells (Islets of Langerhans). Insulin regulates blood sugar levels. Deficiency causes Diabetes mellitus.

Q18. The Right to Information Act (RTI) was enacted in India in:

Answer: B) 2005

The RTI Act was enacted on 15 June 2005 and came into full force on 12 October 2005. It replaced the Freedom of Information Act, 2002.

Q19. GST (Goods and Services Tax) was implemented in India on:

Answer: B) 1 July 2017

GST was implemented on 1 July 2017 through the 101st Constitutional Amendment. It replaced multiple indirect taxes with a unified tax system.

Q20. Which is the largest freshwater lake in India?

Answer: B) Wular Lake

Wular Lake in Jammu & Kashmir is the largest freshwater lake in India. Chilika Lake (Odisha) is the largest brackish water lake.